Hoʻohana ʻia i ka lole, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, nā lole, nā ʻāpana o loko o ke kaʻa, nā geotextiles, ka ʻili, nā panela lāʻau, nā papahele lāʻau, nā plastics a me nā mea kala ʻē aʻe ka paʻa o ka māmā, ke kūʻē ʻana i ke aniau a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻelemakule māmā. Ma ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea e like me ka irradiance māmā, ka mahana, ka makū a me ka ua i loko o ke keʻena hoʻāʻo, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā kūlana kūlohelohe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo ai i ka paʻa o ka māmā, ka paʻa o ke aniau a me nā waiwai photoaging o ka laʻana. Me ka mana pūnaewele ikaika māmā; Ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka uku ʻana i ka ikehu māmā; Ka mana pani ʻia o ka mahana a me ka makū; Ka mana o ka loop mahana Blackboard a me nā hana hoʻoponopono multi-point ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokō i nā kūlana ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me ka ʻāina.
